n. sing. & pl. A species of plant or animal that has declined in numbers to a point where further irreversible decline and extinction{ 3 } has a significant chance. Lists of endangered species are maintained by government agencies, and in many cases the killing of such species or destruction of their habitat is prohibited by law. In the U. S. in recent years, development of certain tracts of land has been prohibited due to the likelihood that it will cause a reduction in the numbers of an endangered species. In some cases environmental organizations have initiated litigation to cause the courts to rule that a certain development plan is illegal due to a threat to an endangered species. Laws protecting endangered species have become in some cases a contentious political issue. [ PJC ]

‖abl. of L. species sort, kind. Used in the phrase in specie, that is, in sort, in kind, in (its own) form. [ 1913 Webster ]

“[ The king ] expects a return in specie from them” [ i. e., kindness for kindness ]. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

In specie (Law), in precise or definite form; specifically; according to the exact terms; of the very thing. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. [ Formed as a singular from species, in sense 5. ] Coin; hard money. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. sing. & pl. [ L., a sight, outward appearance, shape, form, a particular sort, kind, or quality, a species. See Spice, n., and cf. Specie, Special. ] 1. Visible or sensible presentation; appearance; a sensible percept received by the imagination; an image. [ R. ] “The species of the letters illuminated with indigo and violet.” Sir I. Newton. [ 1913 Webster ]

Wit, . . . the faculty of imagination in the writer, which searches over all the memory for the species or ideas of those things which it designs to represent. Dryden. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ In the scholastic philosophy, the species was sensible and intelligible. The sensible species was that in any material, object which was in fact discerned by the mind through the organ of perception, or that in any object which rendered it possible that it should be perceived. The sensible species, as apprehended by the understanding in any of the relations of thought, was called an intelligible species. “An apparent diversity between the species visible and audible is, that the visible doth not mingle in the medium, but the audible doth.” Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

2. (Logic) A group of individuals agreeing in common attributes, and designated by a common name; a conception subordinated to another conception, called a genus, or generic conception, from which it differs in containing or comprehending more attributes, and extending to fewer individuals. Thus, man is a species, under animal as a genus; and man, in its turn, may be regarded as a genus with respect to European, American, or the like, as species. [ 1913 Webster ]

3. In science, a more or less permanent group of existing things or beings, associated according to attributes, or properties determined by scientific observation. [ 1913 Webster ]

☞ In mineralogy and chemistry, objects which possess the same definite chemical structure, and are fundamentally the same in crystallization and physical characters, are classed as belonging to a species. In Zoology and botany, a species is an ideal group of individuals which are believed to have descended from common ancestors, which agree in essential characteristics, and are capable of indefinitely continued fertile reproduction through the sexes. A species, as thus defined, differs from a variety or subspecies only in the greater stability of its characters and in the absence of individuals intermediate between the related groups. [ 1913 Webster ]

4. A sort; a kind; a variety; as, a species of low cunning; a species of generosity; a species of cloth. [ 1913 Webster ]

5. Coin, or coined silver, gold, or other metal, used as a circulating medium; specie. [ Obs. ] [ 1913 Webster ]

There was, in the splendor of the Roman empire, a less quantity of current species in Europe than there is now. Arbuthnot. [ 1913 Webster ]

6. A public spectacle or exhibition. [ Obs. ] Bacon. [ 1913 Webster ]

7. (Pharmacy) (a) A component part of a compound medicine; a simple. (b) (Med.) An officinal mixture or compound powder of any kind; esp., one used for making an aromatic tea or tisane; a tea mixture. Quincy. [ 1913 Webster ]

8. (Civil Law) The form or shape given to materials; fashion or shape; form; figure. Burill. [ 1913 Webster ]

Incipient species (Zool.), a subspecies, or variety, which is in process of becoming permanent, and thus changing to a true species, usually by isolation in localities from which other varieties are excluded. [ 1913 Webster ]

n. A group somewhat lessdistinct than speciesusually are, but based on characters more important than those which characterize ordinary varieties; often, a geographical variety or race. [ 1913 Webster ]